THE TRACTION AND AUXILIARY CONVERTER 牵引辅助变流器
Each traction/auxiliary converter of the composition is able to provide each motor axis with 550 kW power at 40°C ambient temperature and at a catenary line voltage greater than or equal to 22.5 kV, so ensuring electric traction and braking and auxiliaries feeding.
在环境温度40 °C 和比22.5 kV高/一样的悬链线电压的情况下,?每个牵引/辅助变流器可以给每个电动机轴提供550kW. 这样保证电气牵引、制动和辅助供应。
The traction/auxiliary converter is a converter with IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor)
and, from circuits point of view, includes:
牵引/辅助变流器是有IGBT 的变流器 (IGBT:绝缘栅双极性晶体管).
包括:
Double stage (4QCA and 4QCB) PMCF (PMCF is a french abbreviation standing for Pont Monophasé a Commutation Forcée – Monophase Bridge with Forced Commutation) input AC/DC converter with 600 A – 6500 V IGBT feeding 2 traction inverters and 1 converter for auxiliary services.
AC/DC 输入变压器PMCF双阶段 (4QCA 和 4QCB) (强制转换单阶段桥) 有600A-6500V IGBT来供应两个牵引逆变器和一个辅助服务用的变流器.
2 three-phase inverters (INV-TRAZ1 and INV-TRAZ2) of the type with impressed voltage at two levels, with 600 A – 6500 V IGBT, each of which feeds an asynchronous traction motor
2台两级外加电压式三相逆变器（INV-TRAZ1和INV-TRAZ2），采用600 A – 6500 V IGBT，每台都为一台异步牵引电机供电。
2 braking choppers (CHF1 and CHF2), with 600 A – 6500 V IGBT, able to dissipate, on relating rheostat, kinetic energy (during motors braking mode) when train is under neutral section.
2台采用600 A – 6500 V IGBT的制动斩波器（CHF1和CHF2），当列车处于电分相区段时，它们可以在相应的变阻器上耗散动能（在电机制动模式下）。
One TCU (Traction Control Unit) able to control the IGBTs of input converter, braking choppers and traction inverters in order to achieve a drive torque and power control which meets the dynamic performances that are requested by contract technical specifications.
一个TCU（牵引控制单元），它能够控制输入变流器、制动斩波器和牵引逆变器中的IGBT，旨在获得合同技术规范中动力性能要求的驱动转矩和动力控制。
Voltage and current transducers through which traction controller is able to monitor traction converters correct operation, as well as to properly regulate the torque that are output by traction motor both on traction and electro-dynamic braking phases.
电压和电流传感器，通过它们，牵引控制器能够监控牵引变流器是否正确运行，并正确调节在牵引和电动力制动阶段由牵引电机输出的转矩。
INPUT STAGE:输入级
To convert the a.c. voltage of the transformer secondary windings into regulated d.c. voltage of the intermediate stage
将变压器二级绕组的交流电压转换成中间级的稳定直流电压
TRACTION INVERTER STAGE:牵引逆变器级
To convert the d.c. voltage of the intermediate stage into a.c. voltage for the traction motors (amplitude and frequency regulation)
将中间级的直流电压转换成牵引电机使用的交流电压（振幅和频率调节）
Converter IGBTs are housed in 5 modules:
在5个模块中装有变流器IGBT：
2 modules are identical, and implement PMCF input stage, each containing 8 600 A IGBT and relating diodes in antiparallel.
2个模块完全相同，构成PMCF输入级，每个模块包含8个600 A IGBT以及相应的反并联二极管。
2 modules are identical, and each one implements one traction inverter and relating braking chopper, each one containing 7 600 A IGBTs and relating diodes in antiparallel.
2个模块完全相同，每一个构成一个牵引逆变器和相应的制动斩波器，并分别包含7个600 A IGBT以及相应的反并联二极管。
The fifth module implements auxiliary converter including: 4 1200 A IGBTs implementing 2 auxiliary choppers; 2 600 A IGBTs and 8 rectifier diodes for implementing active resonance; 6 1200 A IGBTs and relating diodes in antiparallel implementing auxiliary inverter.
第5个模块构成辅助变流器，包括：4个1200 A IGBT，构成2个辅助斩波器； 2个600 A IGBT和8个整流二极管，用来构成有源谐振；6个1200 A IGBT和相应的反并联二极管，构成辅助逆变器。
Cooling of power electronic components is ensured by circulating a water and glycol mixture through the plate modules they are mounted on. Such mixture is then pumped to air exchanger in order to deliver such energy to surrounding environment.
Exchanger cooling air is ensured by two fans intaking it from vehicle relating side; air is then ejected towards the ballast through an ejection channel located at converter lower side.
功率电子组件的冷却是让水和乙二醇的混合物通过安装该组件的板模块进行循环而保证的。之后该混合物被抽至空气交换器，以便将其能量传递到周围环境中。
交换器的冷却空气由两台风机从车辆相应侧吸入加以保证；之后空气通过位于变流器下方的一个喷射通道喷向道碴。
Power components cooling 功率部件的冷却
The system is implemented in such way that each component of cooling assembly can be easily accessed from converter lower side in order to facilitate maintenance operations.
Coolant topping up and level indication can be from vehicle side; anyhow, a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor are provided to control and regulate the cooling system.
Cooling circuit temperature level is managed by relating TCU.
该系统的实现方式可确保很方便地从变流器下方对冷却部件的每个组件进行操作，以方便维护操作。
冷却液充注和液位指示可以从车辆一侧进行；此外还提供了一个压力传感器和一个温度传感器，以控制和调节冷却系统。
冷却回路的温度由相应的TCU进行管理。
Traction converter: from 1770 Vac to 3600 Vdc牵引变流器：从1770 Vac到3600 Vdc
The figure shows the circuitry used to obtain a Vcc from the Vac coming from the secondary windings of the transformer
此图给出了用来从变压器次级绕组的交流电压Vac获得直流电压Vcc的电路
4QCA and 4QCB input converters 输入变流器
Of PMCF type, it is made up of 2 modules with IGBTs and able to reverse its operation without electromechanical switching by supplying current on catenary line during electrodynamic braking phase. Fed by 2 main transformer secondary windings it stabilises output voltage to values requested by traction and auxiliary inverters.
PMCF 种类. 包括两个有IGBT模块. 在电动力制动阶段的时候给悬链线提供电流不需要机械电气开关为转换自己操作. 由两个主变压器次级绕组供应的,稳定输出电压到牵引辅助逆变器需要的价值.
Modules with IGBTs are configured in such a way as to make up 2 one-phase bridges connected in parallel at the output that are able to rectify one-phase alternating voltage (1770 Vac) from 2 relating traction transformer secondary windings so as to obtain a stabilised output direct voltage.
IGBT模块的备置为作两个在输出并联的单相桥可以调节单相交电(1770Vac)从两个牵引变压器的次级绕组.此来获得稳定的输出直电.
For the sake of simplicity we can consider the 4Q Converter as a diode bridge.
A diode bridge or bridge rectifier (also called a Graetz bridge) is an arrangement of four diodes connected in a bridge circuit as shown below, that provides the same polarity of output voltage for any polarity of the input voltage. When used in its most common application, for conversion of alternating currrent (AC) input into direct current (DC) output, it is known as a bridge rectifier. The bridge recitifier provides full wave rectification from a two wire AC input (saving the cost of a center tapped transformer) but has two diode drops rather than one reducing efficiency over a center tap based design for the same output voltage.
为了简化地介绍，可以说4Q变流器是一种二极管桥
二极管桥或者调节桥(又称GRAETZ桥)是四个二极管在一个桥电路连接一起的.它提供的输出电机跟输入电机一样的.
在普通的用法上(把输入AC转换成输出DC)它称为调节桥.调节桥从两个输入AC线提供全波调节(这样省中央插头变压器的成本),可是有两个二极管下降(根一个中央插头变压器比较来减少性能).
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